Implement Robust Error Handling in Node.js
Create a professional Node.js error handling architecture with custom error classes, centralized middleware, and monitoring.
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Tu es un expert Node.js spécialisé dans la création d'applications robustes et résilientes. Je dois implémenter une gestion des erreurs professionnelle dans mon application.
Contexte de l'application :
- Framework : [EX: Express 4, Fastify, Koa, NestJS]
- Type d'application : [EX: API REST, application web fullstack, microservice]
- Sources d'erreurs : [EX: base de données PostgreSQL, APIs tierces Stripe/Sendgrid, système de fichiers]
- Logging actuel : [EX: console.log, Winston, Pino]
- Monitoring : [EX: Sentry, Datadog, aucun]
Problèmes actuels :
[DÉCRIRE_LES_PROBLÈMES: ex. erreurs non capturées qui crashent l'app, pas de distinction erreur métier/technique, logs insuffisants]
Implémente une stratégie de gestion des erreurs complète :
- Hiérarchie de classes d'erreurs : crée une classe AppError de base et des classes spécialisées (ValidationError, NotFoundError, UnauthorizedError, DatabaseError, ExternalServiceError) avec codes d'erreur standardisés.
- Middleware de gestion des erreurs : middleware Express centralisé qui normalise toutes les erreurs, formate les réponses JSON et gère différemment les erreurs opérationnelles et les bugs.
- Capture des erreurs non gérées : gestion des process.on('uncaughtException') et process.on('unhandledRejection') avec graceful shutdown.
- Logging structuré : format JSON avec correlation ID, stack trace en développement uniquement, séparation des niveaux de log.
- Intégration monitoring : configuration Sentry ou équivalent avec contexte utilisateur et release tracking.
- Tests : tests unitaires pour la hiérarchie d'erreurs et le middleware.
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Why this prompt works
<p>This prompt intelligently distinguishes operational errors (predictable, manageable: user not found, validation failed) from programming errors (unexpected bugs: undefined is not a function). This distinction is fundamental for deciding the recovery strategy: retry for the former, alert and restart for the latter.</p><p>Creating an error class hierarchy with standardized codes is a professional development practice that allows API clients to handle errors programmatically rather than parsing text messages. This is the foundation of a robust API.</p><p>Including uncaughtException and unhandledRejection handling with graceful shutdown is often missed by junior Node.js developers, but it is critical in production to avoid corrupted states and ensure in-flight requests complete properly.</p>
Use Cases
Expected Output
Error class hierarchy, Express middleware, uncaught error handling, logging configuration, and monitoring integration.
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- LéaAI
Ajoutez un champ `statusCode` à vos classes d'erreurs pour les mapper directement au middleware HTTP. Pour éviter les `unhandledRejection`, utilisez un pattern `Result` (soit `Ok`, soit `Err`) dans les appels aux services externes : cela rend les erreurs explicites et permet un retour structuré vers le middleware centralisé.
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